Cybernetics In our day should not be seen either as a science, nor as a discipline, but as an ideological movement, which sought to break with the narrow expertise of each discipline. Cyber \u200b\u200bmovement allowed scientists of many different branches are grouped in groups of research and for the first time, mathematicians, physiologists and specialists in electronics to be integrated into multidisciplinary teams. Its founder Norbert Wiener after years working on mathematical theories and formulas to add some great mathematical apparatus, began working on technical issues such as control of anti-aircraft artillery fire and more efficient transmission of coded messages through communications systems. Wrote a book on cybernetics and control in animals and machines became a success. The stage was set for a new revolution in science.
Cybernetics is based on the study of machines (objects artificial) and their application, which promoted a new scientific revolution based on the interaction of humans with machines at a pace never before seen technological growth and unpredictability. This rate is already being felt and we can say, for example, that a man of the sixteenth century could very well have lived without many surprises in the seventeenth century instead one of the nineteenth century would have great trouble adapting to the twentieth and everything indicates that this acceleration will continue to increase, which will make a person in his old age has to live in a world completely different from your childhood.
With cybernetics machine concept has been changing over the years. After those first mechanical machines which sought to completely or partially replace physical labor of man and animals, have followed others, whose aim is the mechanization of mental labor. Today the machines perform functions that were previously considered characteristic of the human intellect. But perhaps the most important contribution of cybernetics was founded on analogies, hence exogenous characteristic of science, which is given by the interaction with other branches of knowledge and internal assimilation, but mainly by the proposed general theories explain phenomena of the other sciences. For example, cybernetics preferred based on model theory, which places more emphasis on the functional representation of bodies in their structure in the vertical or hierarchical. This, coupled with the search for analogies between the phenomena and not to the reduction of one another led her to become a scientific ideology for understanding the world. Another
contributions of cybernetics is the use of mathematical apparatus, which until then was used almost exclusively as physics and cybernetics in turn was a common discipline to several research areas, which resulted branches of psychology, sociology and biology, could somehow formalize their theories, and even went so far as methods of testing were provided through the creation of machinery for study behaviors, reactions, reflexes, learning, etc.
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When trying to model the structure of an object rather than the structure they had in mind was the reproduction of his work on another structure and is aimed for the artificial object model or exhibit a behavior similar to the original. I say similar because in reality the behavior shown by the models has always been subject to the interpretation of the researcher. These attempts at modeling led researchers to build machines with behavior such as turtles and foxes Grey Walter Albert Ducrocq, which were nothing more than small machines with movement and is guided by the light, others are guided by sound or had some form of radar. But most interesting was the interpretation that was given to the behavior of these ciberanimalitos. For Grey Walter turtles could move from one to another irascible phlegmatic behavior. To Ducrocq, its foxes were able to express feelings of affection between them. I know this to rationalists may seem childish, but is not it interesting, if not true, that human beings continue using your imagination to interpret the phenomena and to keep alive in these times of scientific determinism, its ability to "surprise"?.
Today nobody talks about emotional experiences with turtles, foxes, mice ... The ideas were very simple: any device could show some form of human behavior. That was the dream of the cyber-Play life in all its forms and not just intelligence, as claimed in these times of Artificial Intelligence. And it did not base the Cybernetics his research on the basis that the machine would replace the man, who always saw both as systems with functional analogies, that while they large differences, because agencies own organizational structure and turn-possessed many similarities, hence the cyber gave him, ever greater emphasis on the influence of structure on the mind, but both viewed as a system capable of function as a whole.
live in a world of both social and spiritual crisis, and the desperate man turns his eyes to science and it expects the solution to major problems that overwhelm and cyber-ideology sees a new approach. Here are some of the problems are returning: The education system, health (the prosthesis), death, creativity, consumer goods production, development, understanding the human mind, happiness, evolution (convergence men and machines), new forms of social organization (posthumanity), human enhancement (man-machine connection)
is why Cybernetics passing of the years has been transformed into one of the ideologies of the most influential science, and like Physics and Biology, engenders great promise and for many it becomes the new savior of the world because it has provided one of the richest metaphors and powerful: the so-called computer metaphor or cybernetics, offering a new vision of society and opens the door to a new post-industrial era. Today there are many who think that the machine will replace the man, or those who believe that the human mind can be simulated by a computer, or who dream of creating artificial life.
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