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"The rich who have mansions by the sea should not receive government subsidies." Geraldo Rivera

media call it "gasolinazo" because they seek to pressure the government to suspend the adjustments in the price of gasoline. In my view, however, these increases are modest and should gradually rise.

This past May 14 Magna gasoline rose 8 cents to fetch 9.16 pesos per liter. Is an increase of 0.72 percent. It can hardly be called a "gasolinazo" even though the increase is the fifth year. Assuming that the price of Magna climbed 8 cents per month for 12 months, rising would amount to about 96 cents, 8.7 percent above the level of 09.08 pesos per liter in April.

More than this increase, which lags far behind the increases that have occurred in the world, I am concerned that the Government was doing damage to the environment and the economy of the poorest Mexicans with a petrol subsidy of 100 billion pesos in the 2011, three times what was originally planned for this year.

The main damage done by subsidizing gasoline is also promoting greater use of this fuel. The advanced countries have had to pay higher prices for gasoline in recent years due to increasing crude oil prices and this has served to significantly reduce the use of gasoline. One consequence is the reduction of emissions of air pollutants at a time when this is considered essential to reduce global warming.

Mexico has been in the opposite direction and becoming more pollution. In 2006, according to figures from Pemex, the country sold 601 000 Magna 800 barrels of gasoline each day. March 2011 reached a level of 755 thousand 200 barrels per day. This is an increase of 25 percent in just five years in gasoline cheaper and more polluting. This increase automatically cancels all that the Government is making efforts to reduce carbon emissions to atmosphere.

The problem of gasoline subsidies, however, is not limited to pollution. In fact, this subsidy represents a regressive transfer of resources from poorer to richer.

More than 40 percent of the population of our country lives in poverty. A very high percentage in this group is completely devoid of its own assets. In fact, his only real wealth is the part you played in the country's oil resources, which supposedly belong equally to all Mexicans.

Instead of receiving dividends as shareholders, Pemex could be distributed among the Mexicans, which do more to help you have less, the Treasury Department is using 100 billion dollars of income from oil monopoly, three times what it spent on the Ministry of Public Security, to subsidize motorists, who represent 20 percent richer society .

One of the reasons why Mexico has so many poor people is that we have built a hacienda system that robs the poor to subsidize the rich. In the case of gasoline subsidies that transfer is not only extremely regressive, but also fills the skies of pollution. Far from challenging the modest increases in the price of gasoline, we should demand a true gasolinazo, leading prices of the fuel to levels currently prevailing in our trading partners. Tenure


Eruviel Avila, the PRI candidate to the State Government of Mexico, promised to eliminate vehicular tenure if he wins the election next July 3. This joins a populist and regressive. Remove the holding means those who can not buy a car to subsidize the services that are provided to motorists, much more prosperous than they are. Sergio Sarmiento


www.sergiosarmiento.com

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Subsidizing gasoline as the zero rate on food and medicine is the worst injustice that makes the Mexican tax system against the poor. Unfortunately a group of populist demagogues, especially the PRI, PRD and PT, continue to press for such subsidies remain widespread. A general allowance has the most benefits, not the poor. Subsidies should be directly not widespread.

gasolinazo And if we speak, the PRI did in the 70's, 80's and 90's these if they were gasolinazo. With increases of 30, 50 and up to 100% overnight for another, without warning. Now they are small, and throughout the year do not reach even 10%. And yet we are subsidized gasoline. Enough of the mentality Third, we hope that all the resolution of the government, give us all free. Reflect on it.

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gasolinazo middle-class teachers Paradoxes

(May 12, 2011) .- Among the personal privileges and scholars who have achieved and I Hector Aguilar Camin over the last year are meeting with members of the SNTE. Since June last year, in every city we visited organized a meeting with an average of 100 teachers, sectional leaders, school principals and supervisors. Many, many thoughts that these encounters lead us. But one has to do with the contrast between the reality of the Mexican master verbalized and socio-economic reality reflected in hard data.

Basically the theme is the same Humberto Moreira posed with his "miserabilist" effective perhaps, but false: Mexico is a country with increasingly poor, with a smaller middle class, and the only way put an end to this situation is to return the PRI to power. Teachers obviously do not share that view, but sometimes expressed equally distorted vision of reality and of the country.

In one case, when we hear yet again the old song of the rural poor primary school teacher who teaches in the shade of a tree in a desert plain, our correspondent asked if he could give us the percentage of primary schools in Mexico that are rural. Responded that about 70 percent: a figure so far from the truth as close to his heart. In fact, if we look at the numbers, the million-plus elementary school teachers of the SNTE are already part of that vast lower middle class to which they referred Luis Rubio and Luis de la Calle, and inspired by the OECD writing them in a book coming out this week: "Tomorrow or the day after. The mystery of the Mexicans" (Aguilar).

The May issue of Nexus, dedicated to education, including an article by Sylvia Ortega Salazar, rector of the National Pedagogical University and former Secretary of Basic Education, which reproduces the findings of a survey conducted in 2010, among teachers. Leave aside the part of the educational views of themselves and teachers as well as data on age, seniority, promotion via the post, and so on. I'll stick with the social.

80 percent of teachers in Mexico have their own home, 63 percent car; Cell 80 percent and 74 percent computer at home, 81 percent internet. In any imaginable sense these are data from an urban middle class with an education level higher than the average Mexican: 75 percent say they have a degree from an institution of higher education dedicated to teacher training (how much the meal is normal schools another story.)

Perhaps the most interesting of all is his self. A staggering 83 percent describes himself as belonging to the middle class. Federico Reyes Heroles had unearthed similar data for Mexican society as a whole, in a survey in 2001 and says in "The Bicentennial Opportunity." He remarked, quite rightly, that in the case of all Mexicans the data is obviously false, and contains more aspirational connotations: 82 percent of Mexicans would be middle class, when a lot today are 56 or 57 by percent.

But in the case of teachers, both higher educational attainment as the socioeconomic realities described in the survey cited in Nexus, it may be that that 83 percent aspirational but not substantive (status who have legitimately won the Over the past 20 years). It is an impressive figure for those who still believe in rural Mexico, poor, illiterate, sick and pre-modern golden age of education Cardenas.

another thing altogether if the education that these teachers taught middle class is what the country needs, deserves and pays. I think not, and I think they have a major responsibility for this failure. But not because they are "the wretched of the earth", but precisely because the middle class. Jorge G.

Castañeda
jorgegcastaneda@gmail.com

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Teachers have greatly improved their socioeconomic conditions in the past 15 years along with the rest of Mexico. Today the middle class is more than half of the population. None of this was 20, 30 or 40 years. How sad that the teachers themselves do not recognize the improvement and sold to the highest bidder (political parties, HONEYCOMB, Elba Esther Gordillo) to keep their cushy without improving the educational level of children and youth.

And yet there are those who say we are worse than ever.

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national strategy

you ask who has the required age as to whether the country sees that today is better than 30 or 40 years.
you will see more than you think you are going to say no, three or four decades ago the country was better.
However, those who failed to see Mexico for a long time do not think so.

few days ago talking to a person who worked in our nation in the early 90's and just returned, and I noted that it was impressive the perceived positive change in our country in recent 20.
It is similar with foreign investors. While not failing to recognize the problems that exist in many cases tend to see many advantages in our economy, and the ability of labor or the size of our domestic market, which seldom appreciate locally.

Some examples of long-term differences.

GDP per capita in real terms in 1981, three decades ago, was 69 thousand 174 pesos at 2008 prices. This year is estimated at 84 000 469, which means that today there is a higher income by 22 percent.

But see another relevant indicator.

In 1970, only 6.3 percent of population aged over 15 had completed secondary level or higher. In 2010, this percentage was 35.8 percent, almost six times the proportion of three decades ago.

At the other extreme, 70.5 percent of the population over 15 years was out of school or just complete primary school. That percentage is now 19.8 percent, ie a fall of 71 percent.

The infant mortality rate is one of the most important development indicators. Just in 1990 there were 39.2 deaths within a year per thousand births. This parameter was of 13.7 per thousand last year.

I will not bore you with more indicators but development indicators can be displayed in abundance.
This, of course, does not mean you ignore the 50 percent of poor people in the country, nor the slow growth of the economy over the past two decades.
How can we explain the fact that the face of these developments there is a perception that things have worsened in Mexico?

I think there are two explanations.

One has to do with insecurity. Not only public insecurity, but legal, employment, social relationships, in families, in the future.
Increased insecurity deteriorates our quality of life and makes us believe that the past was better.
The other aspect is about unfulfilled expectations. Beyond the improvements achieved, we have gained a sense of missed opportunities.
Those old enough may remember that in the 90 perceived the possibility of making Mexico a developed nation, which was frustrated by the 1995 crisis and the disaster it caused.
Then, when political change occurred in 2000 also seemed to come a chance to make a big jump, which also was frustrated.

It appears that for years live with that paradox of which we speak, it is not perceived in the short term a real possibility that the country can take that giant leap to convince us that we are now really better.

Enrique Quintana
enrique.quintana @ reforma.com

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Change

Again, this new march against insecurity, seeking peace, calls for a change of strategy the federal government. However, among the proposals made by marchers do not read any short term, all are medium and long term (education, values, judicial system, fight poverty, etc..), Including some even offer agree with organized crime. None of them is useful to stop the convoy of gunmen who today walks the streets and roads in the country, killing, stealing, extortion, and kidnapping innocent people.

And to top it up to call for stop using armed forces in fighting crime when they are the only institutions (Army and Navy) that have achieved tangible results. Today the laws and the Constitution require the executive powers of the 3 levels of government to combat organized crime (although governors and mayors do not). The use of force, weapons, by the State fighting crime is not optional for the Executive. It is mandated by law

If you want to change that strategy, the recipient of the slogans of the demonstrators should be the Congress to amend laws, approve any of the 16 initiatives money laundering that are frozen and the National Security Act that would regulate the use of armed forces, and a debate and eventual legalization of drugs. All that is pending in Congress. Unfortunately, while we remain in a party-in which politicians are not accountable to citizens, there is little hope.

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Why not grow

Mexico is advancing at a mediocre pace decades, despite various structural reforms that were implemented between 1985 and 1994. This poor performance has sparked interest within and outside the country.

A recent example is the December 2010 Journal of Economic Literature, which featured two articles about Mexico ("Why Mexico Is not Rich?" Written by Gordon H. Hanson, and "Why Have Economic Reforms in Mexico Not Generated Growth? " by Timothy J. Kehoe and Kim J. Ruhl).

These papers raise crucial questions and findings, while not definitive, agree on the most visible obstacles to the growth of our country. The items are similar, so I mention the former.

Hanson said that the economic reforms during the 1990s succeeded in their macroeconomic and financial stability, but have failed to generate an accelerated rate of economic growth. A comparison with other countries shows a grim picture.

The lag of Mexico, says Hanson, is not explained by institutional weaknesses that it shares with the rest of the Latin American region where some countries have managed to grow rapidly. Nor is explained by the increasing violence associated with crime, as it became more evident after 2006, too late to explain the country's economic morass.

Hanson believes that our low growth is due to deep structural impediments, rather than short-term problems, such as the overvaluation of the peso would . He reviews several studies on the subject, several Mexican authors to conclude that our problems are due to internal factors such as inefficient credit markets, distortions in the provision of non-tradable inputs, and perverse incentives that encourage informality and slow productivity growth.

Credit is crucial for economic development. A country can not take advantage of opportunities for productive investments if there are no effective mechanisms to shift resources from creditors to debtors.

A growing number of studies mentioned the weakness in credit markets in Mexico as an important factor behind the low growth in productivity. The author notes that a problem has been the risk of expropriation and other poor monitoring of bank credit. The financial reforms that followed the crisis of 1994-95 improved regulations, but did little to stimulate commercial credit.

Hanson concluded that the main reason for this lag is the difficulty creditors to be made of the assets of debtors , despite the new Bankruptcy Act, which in practice does not provide adequate protection to rights creditors.

regard to the provision of non-tradable inputs, Hanson notes that Mexico stands out as having high electricity prices , high prices for telecommunications services and a shortage of skilled labor, due to poor public schools and regulations and labor market rigidities . This author emphasizes

that poor educational performance in Mexico can be attributed to the capture of the education system by the teachers union . About 90 percent of spending on education in Mexico is going in compensation to staff, leaving little for buildings, computers and other educational infrastructure.

Regarding informality, Hanson mentioned that there is evidence that increased social security coverage for informal workers increases employment in the informal sector. Therefore, social protection programs in Mexico may be increasing incentives for informality, possibly limiting growth.

Kehoe's article and Ruhl came to similar conclusions, identifying barriers to growth as the existence of inefficient financial institutions, weak rule of law and labor market rigidities .

Based on these studies, what kind of reforms Mexico needs to apply to resume rapid growth? In principle, improve the operation of the financial system, strengthen the rule of law, limiting the power of public unions and formalize and labor market flexibility . It also needs to boost productivity growth through greater competition in oil, electricity, telecommunications and transport.

These reforms do not differ from that for years have been proposed in the country. The real issue is, therefore, that our politicians have not had the ability or willingness to implement them , and there is no reason to believe that that will change in the near future.

Salvador Kalifa
salvadorkalifa@prodigy.net.mx

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still needed deep structural reforms, including labor, as well as a frontal attack on the informal (tax reform) and zero public monopolies (energy reform, open energy sector ) and private (mainly communications, telecommunications reform), in addition to educational reform. All remaining tasks of the Congress. And we saw with the recent freezing of the proposed labor reform and policy by the PRI, who are opposed to changes in Mexico. PRI does not care to be given structural reforms because such reforms would end up with estates of power, with access to large sums of money from the Treasury via the trade unions and monopoly (PEMEX and CFE). Reflect on it.

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Mexico

There are his tendons, muscles, joints, internal organs, your injuries. Over the last week and during the debate on political reform, the country just watch an ultrasound of the PRI. Just witnessed a deep auscultation party that is close to returning to Los Pinos, despite presenting symptoms undemocratic. And the diagnosis says good things about the health of a body which claims to be modern, but hides frozen tumors, bone wear, extended lymphomas. The biopsy that Congress leave the operating room is full of atrophied cells, which seek to reproduce at the expense of citizens and balances. PRI-sonography performed in the lower house, presents a body that still contains the worst pathologies of the past.

pathologies evident in the opposition to the re-election as a universal mechanism for political and professional accountability. The opposition to independent candidacies as a spur to force the parties to air out, open, reform. Opposition to the citizens' initiative that would allow 200 000 citizens legislative initiative whose production legislators and the President currently monopolize. Opposition to the referendum in which 1 million 600 thousand citizens could promote referendums to participate in the definition of major national issues. All of them measures no longer seek to regulate how power is distributed, but how it enables better and more representative. All measures that the PRI reformers and reactionaries Senate passed the PRI in the House of Representatives just rejected. And the sonographic scan, which usually requires a range of 2 to 18 megahertz to reveal the soft tissue of a body, here only needed the order of a man.

intervention Enrique Peña Nieto. Sending an image "live" and in real time from Toluca, the cradle of the resistance to changing needs of Mexican democracy. Sending a scan to discover the muscles Toluca corporate clientele cavities, surfaces bowed servile Governors, congressmen lined up, kneeling peasant unions. Lawmakers head turned into nurses in the State of Mexico, who do not seek to cure the patient but to sell. Do not look back to health but put into a coma as he was for 71 years. Peña Nieto wanders the hospital corridors with white coat, hair standing, comforting smile. But no one measure surgical support can reinvigorate our ailing body politic, to remedy our ailing democracy dysfunctional, back foot using a transition can not walk forward.

Instead, Enrique Peña Nieto insists counter cure. Sold as a magic elixir would push Mexico to the prostration, euthanasia, the permanent bed. The return of the evil "governability clause" whereby the party that won 35 percent of the votes obtained more than 50 percent of the seats. The return of the PRI bulldozer that was used for decades to overturn the executive to the legislature. Justified by the argument, presented by former Attorney Edomex, Navarrete Prida, "that with her" let's avoid this pilgrimage (the jerking of the reforms) and let the people vote, not a fictional representation, to governance the country. "

"Governance" PRI-style, meaning an unchecked presidential system that produced crisis after crisis, disaster after disaster, mistake after mistake . "Governance" authoritarian style, meaning decisions from the executive and the legislature imposed. "Governance" centralist style, defined as the management of the economy from Los Pinos. With disastrous results as well Gabriel Zaid reminds us: "This was and so we went." bank nationalization of 1982. The inflation crisis of 1985. The crash of 1987. The 1994 economic debacle . The use of a unified government to wipe out balances and limit competition, restrain the debate. The use of legislative majorities to protect privilege, prop up authoritarian actors perpetuate impunity.

That's what I want to Peña Nieto and that slowed the process of political reform in the door. Because modernity proclaims, but wants to resurrect the mechanisms that impede its achievement. Because it argues that "one should not legislate on its knees" when he wants that to be the position if Members take it up to the presidency. Because he says so, "with legislative majority, could make structural reforms, when the first freeze. And the State of Mexico Governor ultrasound has just released the notes: undemocratic abnormalities and birth defects in the project for the country that want to deliver PRI.

Denise Dresser

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Chavos under 30 years, Denise Dresser is masterfully describes the true PRI, the PRI always. The one who suffered in the 70's, 80's and 90's. For those who live in those times and know what happened, we understand that the last 10 years, with all its problems, have been much better than the previous 30 years. Low inflation, a digit, a growing middle class, fixed-rate mortgages, car loans, etc. Before the gasolinazo were twice overnight. The increases on fuel (still subsidized) we have now, are nothing to those who passed in the 80's and 90's. Ask your parents, your grandparents. Those were real crises that impoverished the country. Let not return.

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Uses Ultrasound PRIistas the PRI majority

a couple of years ago, after the midterm elections, the PRI had much to celebrate. Through its alliance with the Greens, became, again, in the first force in the Chamber of Deputies. There was a new majority. The change did not seem minor. The lower house was already a core leader. The PRI and its allies were in control arithmetic of that assembly. No agreement needed with others to achieve the majority needed to pass a bill. The agreement of the Covenanters enough. To keep this alliance and green tricolor, the House could walk, finally. This was celebrated

the then national leader of the PRI after 12 years as a minority, driving the PRI became the House. But walking is not enough to have two legs. You need to decide where to go. That is what has been revealed: the PRI can regain power (in the House of Representatives got it), but is not able to chart the course. The PRI may be the majority in the House, but do not know what they want. You can not keep saying does not act by government failures or difficulties of plurality. He has not done anything with their majority. The PRI has taken control of the House of Representatives to make it veto assembly ... even their own proposals. Nothing is done is his conviction. That nothing has been done is his pride.

Change 2009 in the House of Representatives not only benefited the PRI, but to a particular clique. The Governor of the State of Mexico became, by the demographic weight of their country and, above all, by the magnetism of his candidacy, the big factor in the PRI. He responded without a doubt the national PRI leadership and leadership in the House of Representatives. Operators -So called-are the key players in each piece of legislation.

Hence, the political state of Mexico is portrayed indirectly in the conduct and the word of his envoys. Peña Nieto speaks rudimentary president of PRI. For him speak its many spokesmen in the House of Representatives who theorize the appropriate delay everything. Mexico is the country that can stop until they return. Enrique Peña Nieto may have shown signs of political skill, but not vision. There will be driven with their cunning and effective relief, but has been unable to practice within their party leadership reformer. Today can only responsabilizársele of legislative paralysis we suffer.

The downtime is rich in excuses. A good collection of stonewalling, excuses and justifications have been given the family PRI club members to explain the stubbornness of his denials. You need, of course, a lot of imagination to explain why the country is stopped PRI initiative themselves had written.

In March, the Institutional Revolutionary Party filed a labor reform bill which will soon be disowned. After formal presentations, the PRI became aware that they should study it again. A real scandal that portrays a party that does not take seriously its own majority. His justifications are grotesque and be much more expensive if the climate of public demand was higher in the country. A party presents a proposal and, upon receiving the consent of other political forces, shies. That is the PRI of Peña Nieto.

After a long time, the Senate achieved important agreements for institutional reform. Each and every piece of change have been discussed intensively in the country over recent years. No one who has lived in the world of Mexican politics in the last decade could be said surprised by what the Senate approved. But the PRI deputies react as if it were written in Chinese reform and will need time to translation.

argue that reform is needed her to give her most to the President and if that is not approved, not approved anything. May speak of many pending institutional reform but this reform turned the page of the electoral reforms and came to the chapter on democratic governance. The changes approved in the Senate were important. Tended to the professionalization of the legislature, oxygenates the party system, democracy aired with new processes and actors, filling a dangerous gap that continues to threaten the stability of the country. Any occurrence, no improvisation: cautious reforms and, in my opinion, beneficial. But in the face the resolution of the Senate, Members of the Service de Peña Nieto yawn. That is the response of the PRI faction of club members: a public yawn. No hurry, as bury reform say their disdain.

PRI is likely to regain the Presidency. Beltrones the senator's question is right: what they want power? Pena Nieto has responded this week: we want to have it.

Jesus Silva-Herzog Márquez
http://blogjesussilvaherzogm.typepad.com/

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Peña Nieto wants most artificial Congress to ensure that if the PRI returns stay too long. Run for Congress does not require artificial majorities, which is concerned is that the incentive system that lawmakers have changed. Today act that way because his political future depends on the party leadership. If the legislator's political future depended more of himself, his work, and the relationship with their constituencies, would be less subject to pressure from leaders party and the governors.

not required to remove or reduce multimember lawmakers. What is needed is that the way they are chosen change, so that, similarly, the incentives that make decisions, change. The multi-member should be chosen among the best second and third places of the losing candidates in 300 districts, in the case of Members. Thus the famous multi-member lists, which are assessments of the party leaders, de facto power, the president and governors, would be history and all depend on themselves legislators.

How hard can it be to legislate something? Only lack political will of legislators themselves. It is an impasse, but hopefully that will soon be broken.

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not see it or hear it

Desperate to make you a little story, Carlos Salinas de Gortari is campaigning for "Here 'toy." (Do not forget me now that we will regain the presidency. The PRI needs intellectual weight). He has published two books of a kilo, as if the weight give weight to arguments, and now ("Against the official story," Reforma, April 25, 2011) uses an article of mine ("From finance to Los Pinos", Reforma, February 27, 2011). Seeks to refute a report by Dante Delgado Rannauro as chairman of the Special Committee to Determine the Causes of Lower Financing for Development and the large amount of public debt and the instrument by specifying responsibilities and propose corrective actions in order to Encourage Growth Internal Market and Promote the Development of the Country (sic) of the Senate (Senate Gazette No. 120, April 16, 2010, pp. 18-48).

What official history? In Mexico: A difficult passage to modernity (p. 379) says that "the end of my government, only deliver around 500 thousand jobs in the bureaucracy, very low level for a country with 90 million inhabitants." Then (above) denies "some [who] have spoken of several million bureaucrats, though without citing sources." I wonder you do not know the source: Carlos Salinas de Gortari, Sixth Report of Government 1994, Statistical Annex, p. 37, table "Employment in public sector economic activity", the first line (1980) gives a total of 3.15 million, which rises to 4.07 million in 1992 (bottom row). What, then, the "hard data" that requires me not to "repeat the stereotypes of the official story? What is the true official story? Half a million or four million bureaucrats?

Although I explained this at the time ("Why will not jobs," Reforma, November 30, 2003), repeated the lie on his second book with the same straight face that said: neither see nor hear them. " In both book and article insists on washing your hands for the economic disaster left. According to him, everything was the fault of President Zedillo (without acknowledging, at least, that was wrong to appoint him.) And uses the label of the phrase "December mistake" he invented to burn. But the currency crisis that started with six years of Zedillo was the outbreak of errors accumulated during the administration of Salinas. Without doubt, the Treasury Secretary ephemeral Zedillo ineptly handled the rocket that had left. It could have been juggling the outbreak was delayed a few weeks, maybe a few months. But the disappointment and distrust of fairy tales Salinas was going to explode anyway.

The danger was pointed out since the beginning of the Salinas administration by Anne Krueger (The Mexican program of trade and exchange rate Reforms, 1989), which became the number two in the IMF, and in a later paper (Nominal Anchor Exchange Rate Policies as a domestic distortion, 1997) says that the most notable of the 1994 crisis was that it had exploded before (p. 29).

the end of six years, the error of Salinas was already in the textbooks as an example of what not to do. In Macroeconomics, sixth edition (pp. 608-609), Rudi Dornbusch and Stanley Fischer explained to students how they produced the 1982 Mexican crisis and how in 1992 "many observers were aware of how destructive it would repeat the cycle. " But in Mexico it was argued that the deficit reflected a heavy investment that would generate the revenue needed to repay loans. "Under this scheme, in a few years the current account deficit would be reduced, and meanwhile was financed without risk. A nice explanation for how long? ". In the ninth edition (p. 506) added: Intentionally, we have made this without changes, was to emphasize the phrase "A good story, But for how long?". According to our notes, was posted on October 14, 1992. The 1994 crisis "was predictable and was predicted" (was Both Predictable and predicted).

Sebastian Edwards and Moises Naim compiled a book on the crisis (Mexico 1994: Anatomy of an Emerging-market crash). Of special interest are the views of Rudi Dornbusch (who was a consultant in the Salinas team), Robert L. Bartley (editor of The Wall Street Journal and a friend of Salinas) and Francisco Gil-Diaz (Secretary of Salinas).

To Dornbusch (pp. 125-140), "The responsibility is totally (squarely) of former president Carlos Salinas and his obsessive preoccupation with inflation." "The depreciation remained well below inflation, which helped curb inflation, but it meant a position increasingly competitive business. " "In 1993, a devaluation was possible, and certainly the president Salinas considered that option in the spring of that year (or at least said so in private)." But he trusted, and now came the 1994 elections. "The reserves fell to unmanageable levels, the debts are dollarized, shortened maturities. Had to keep playing music that no one realized the emperor has no clothes. Naturally, all the measures that sought to prolong a year dying strategy help to understand the severity of the crisis that followed "(p. 131).

For Bartley (pp. 141-163): "The issuance of tesobonos was a disastrous mistake." Cetes paid less than the dollar but were guaranteed [to inspire confidence]. "A lot of debt in cetes [dollars] was displaced by the tesobonos [dollarization]. Tesobonos debt rose from 3.1 billion dollars in late March to 29.2 before the devaluation of December. " "President Zedillo must be stressed," I got a bad hand of cards (was an exceedingly bad Dealt hand). " For

Francisco Gil-Diaz and Carstens (pp. 165-200) that in the six years of Zedillo were senior officials of the Bank of Mexico: "The bank was privatized in the races, and in many cases without due respect to the appropriate selection criteria (Fit and Proper) of the new shareholders and top executives. " "It eliminated the legal banking [that left all the credit in the hands of the new bankers without experience, without control of central banks and with an extraordinary amount of money to lend wrong]." "The ability to monitor the banks were weak, and was overwhelmed by the growing portfolio of banks. " "Mexico had no effective credit bureaus." "There was a phenomenal expansion of credit given by the development bank." "Foreigners were allowed to buy short-term domestic instruments [entry without control of footloose capital, that the slightest concern is leaving]. "Tesobonos were issued short-term dollar-indexed pesos since late 1991."

The commission report cited Salinas Zedillo is not centered, but in the banking disaster. Salinas prefer not to mention The Senators charge that he privatized the banking discretion, without having made a public auction (p. 42) and note that in November 1994 before Zedillo took office, the balance of tesobonos had risen to 16.110 billion (p. 45), five times the amount in March.

Administration of the truth during the administration of Salinas attained a rare perfection. For his administration announced the recovery of the legendary "stabilizing development": a nearly 6% growth and low inflation at the international level (National Development Plan 1989-1994, p. 56). Multiplied optimistic and reassuring statements. Renegotiation of foreign debt in 1989 was a good thing, but presented on television as a feat worthy of patriotic fervor: Mexico resurgent singing the national anthem while waving the tricolor flag. At a cost of many millions of new textbooks was the official story that teaches children, in which Mexico, through the centuries, had reached its climax in the glorious era Salinas.

Salinas Compact Group discussed privately, but once adopted a line formed one seamless and sought to impose its decision as the truth: no more line than ours. Victor L. I was Urquidi told, repeatedly, privately warned the governor of the Bank of Mexico which was dangerous monetary policy was being followed, but was completely ignored. What I was told that when expressing the same as guest speaker for Econometric Research Center of Mexico, a Bank official upbraided him with a lack of respect that shocked everyone. Of course, if some entrepreneur dared to say that the peso was overvalued, he would be hot flashes. If the newsletter of a brokerage firm expressed doubt, the owners received a call. And if someone remembered that there was still poverty, was disqualified: "Poverty is a great myth." All the problems had been resolved. Mexico was already a First World country.

Lies presented with such confidence and an air of professional who many believed them. For example, the lie that the external debt had declined in proportion to GDP. To understand the ropes of this admirable event How to lie with statistics, we must remember that the external debt is denominated in dollars and GDP in pesos. To split the debt between the GDP, convert the debt to GDP in pesos or dollars. But with what kind of change? If the peso overvalued, it appears that the GDP "grows" (In dollars), although actual production has not grown, and it seems that the debt is reduced in proportion to GDP. Therefore, the proportion fell beautifully, but in fact, total external debt was growing faster than GDP. In the six years, GDP grew 18% and 38% of total external debt. The story was a fairy tale.

PRI The years that were a feast of lively accounts to conceal the collapse. It is understood that the PRI today (willing to be seen as a new option) does not want to carry that political cost, and pretend that Salinas is in Ireland, making deep studies in the Gazette of the Senate. Neither sees nor hears.

Gabriel Zaid

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Carlos Salinas is a jerk. He begins to criticize and try to clear his name and his administration but without providing data, PRI-style with nothing but demagoguery. Gabriel Zaid In this paper puts in place and with hard data. The Salinas administration hatched the crisis of December 1994 and during that time kept a tight control of media and information. Salinas and ruled from 1989 to 2004 and Peña Nieto has ruled the State of Mexico, debt, lies and a lot of media coverage. Explain your vote.

Brazilian Wax Machine

Blow to finance organized crime

we all know that piracy and fayuca are controlled by organized crime. All selling and buying such items and their advocates (CROC), help finance organized crime. I'm not saying that all these street traders or semi-fixed positions are members of organized crime, but the fact that they are paying fees to sell piracy crime or to cross illegally imported.

It is time we all pay taxes in this country. What regularized cost? To continue illegal only cause they are always on the installments defenseless against corrupt officials and / or organized crime. If they were legalized, nor to the CROC would have to pay fees.

It was time for the 3 levels of government begin to sort out these illegal traders. I wish to continue with the operations. Zero impunity throughout.

Error In Gta Vc Unhandled

The fallacy of the null vote

is a fallacy to say that by not voting or annul the vote and are not a participant in the Mucker of all parties, all politicians, the party-. With the current game rules (electoral laws) not to vote or to cancel is to give more power to more people to carry.

And in the end anyway, but do not vote or annul, the winner (which you gave your support indirect) will make decisions that affect your finances, your lifestyle. In the party-we just leave us the option of voting for the lesser of two evils.

Dany Gates

Milen Avelba Showing Bush

Sox Mal

President Calderón is right when he calls the protest "Enough" is aimed at criminals, it is they who are killing, stealing, extortion, kidnapping, raping, among other crimes. But also right NHRC and other agencies and citizens, saying it is the duty of the government prosecuting such crimes. The problem is that it would seem that the protest will only be sent to the federal government, the truth is that it should go to the 3 levels of government: federal, state and municipal levels. As well as 3 branches: executive, legislative and judicial. Everyone has some responsibility to pursue and reduce such crimes. Even citizens have some responsibility for there to report, anonymously and directly with the military, when we see a crime or know someone who belongs to these groups.

If the strategy has failed is because crime is well organized and has a vast network of espionage (Falcons) even embedded in local and state governments. Until that is debugged, no strategy will work. And there they have failed primarily by governors and mayors who under the guise of that drug trafficking is a federal crime to do nothing but swim play dead. But murders, extortion, kidnapping, assault, and rape are crimes of common law and are his direct responsibility. The protest must be even, otherwise shows only political interests. And maybe that's why the strategy has also failed, was politicized to such an extent that there are those who defend criminals just to give the tower to his political enemy and / or ideological.

And yet none that have told me that we must change the strategy has been able to answer how to stop the convoy assassins at this point flows through streets and highways.

New Name For Prolyxsis

Program: VIOLENCE AND CHILD ABUSE

In the Red Room of the R. Superior Court of Justice recorded the program VIOLENCE AND CHILD ABUSE . Participated as special guest Dr. Jeanette Landivar (Judge of the Family Party in the Capital) and helped the Ms. Ximena Morales (Psychologist Court for Children and Adolescents ) Dr. Mabel Montaño (DEMUNA Defender Children and adolescents in the community Adela Zamudio), Dr. Raquel Melgar (Director of Gender Generation of HAM).

All of them expressed their opinion on the subject and explained the work that since his institution made to fight physical violence, sexual and psychological violence against s babysitter. All agreed that it is the duty of all citizens denounce these acts that violate the rights and integrity of nustros s babysitter.

Stillmans Frekle Cream

Program: THE NEW LAW OF JUDICIAL BODY

As opening chapter of the 2nd season was held at the Red Room of the Superior Court of Justice's taping on Judiciary Act enacted on June 24, 2010.

participated in this occasion, Dr. Javier Celiz Ortuño (9th of Justice Civil Party in ) Reque Dr. Gonzalo Campero (Teaching Civil Procedure - UNIVALLE) , and Dr. Luz Angela Russel (Transparent Courts Proy. ). It addressed issues on the organization, structure and functioning of the judiciary from the CPE

"You and Justice" spreads through UNIVALLE TV Channel 39 Friday at Hrs. And 21:30 pm Saturday reprise. 15:30.

Exchange 2007 554 Sorry, Message Looks Like Spam

NEW SEASON OF YOU AND JUSTICE

In full force of the Convention signed between the Superior Court UNIVALLE and the Dr. John Cross Vilte Vargas (President of the Superior Court of Justice R.) and vocal Plenary, sieron your permission to start the SECOND SEASON OF THE "PROGRAM FOR TV: You and Justice" this month April.

Espérenos at home and socializing analysis clear and simple information on daily events related to statutory and legal aspects.

The program is broadcast by Channel 39 TV UNIVALLE Friday at Hrs. 21:30 and its reprise on Saturday Hrs. 15:30. ; you there!

Gay Pick Up At Parks In San Francisco

truths

"The Child God deeded a stable / and the oil springs of the devil." Ramón López Velarde

Pemex could be proud of Mexicans. It is the largest company in our country and the fourth producer of crude oil in the world. It is also the entity that operates the most valuable resource that we have the Mexican oil.

However, Pemex is an example of everything wrong with our country. It is the only oil company in the world that loses money largely the product of an irrational tax treatment by the state that takes away more in taxes than it earns. The parastatal also suffers from an excess of staff and a maze of bureaucracy.

not surprising that the production of crude oil from Pemex has declined in recent years, need to import gas, gasoline, oil and petrochemicals, its technological level is low especially now facing the challenge of extracting oil from unconventional sources as the deepwater Gulf of Mexico or rocky areas Chicontepec. The problem is not the technical or Pemex workers but of the structure that the Government has imposed on the industry Mexican oil. Pemex is not only a monopoly, a monopoly is stifling.

In other countries citizens are owners of the hydrocarbons, as in Mexico, but the appeal is not delivered to bureaucratic monopolies.

In Canada, the inhabitants of each province are owned oil and gas, but there is a state enterprise that operates exclusively. Provincial governments operating concession areas and receives royalties from hydrocarbons, thereby ensuring an income for citizens without risking money on a highly specialized activity.

In Norway, Statoil, a state enterprise, produces oil and production dealers other firms, but also saves oil revenues in a pension fund for Norwegian citizens of today and the future rather than spending it at the present.

In Brazil, Petrobras, which began as a poor imitation of Pemex, enjoyed a progressive reform in the 90's, which allowed private investment in exploration and exploitation, and opened the door to private capital in the company. So the company, which originally was dedicated to import crude oil and gasoline, is now a leading exporter of oil and gasoline, as well as one of the world's leading specialists in oil exploration and drilling in deep water.

Pemex could also be pride of Mexicans, but it is not. Has been a burden than a boost to investment and productivity. Takes two years to start making plans for a refinery in Tula, Hidalgo, which we know will lose money as the rest of Pemex Refining.

Mexico is suffering an acute case of evil, or syndrome, Dutch. The facility to export a high-priced natural resource generates a complacency that ultimately impoverish a country. In Mexico worsen this disease by prohibiting private investment in areas such as the refining of gasoline or by using oil revenues as an excuse to avoid a real fiscal reform.

The only achievement of the alleged nationalist politics in hydrocarbons has been to deprive the Mexicans of hundreds of billions of dollars in oil wealth . This theft has been particularly terrible because for millions of Mexicans living in extreme poverty, the only real wealth is its involvement in oil wealth. Mexican politicians have finish the passage of time without creating better opportunities for the poor. Heritage


Mexico has 14 billion barrels of proven reserves of hydrocarbons. A $ 90 per barrel, this equdivale 1 trillion 260 billion dollars. Each of the 112 million Mexicans in the country so we have $ 11.250 in wealth in the ground. For the poorest, this is their only patrimony. What a shame that politicians have it right. Sergio Sarmiento


www.sergiosarmiento.com

Chelsea Charms Biggest

Dutch Tax and the 10 drinkers

Suppose that everyday 10 men meet in a bar chatting and drinking beer . The total count of ten men is $ 100.
If they should pay the account in proportion to taxes paid in the company of a country, that would be something like, according to the scale of wealth and income of each: The first 4 men (the poorest) paid nothing. The 5 th pay $ 1. The 6 th pay $ 3. The 7 th pay $ 7. The 8 th pay $ 12. The 9 th pay $ 18. The 10 th (the richest) paid $ 59.
So that's what they decided they would henceforth, all having fun, and were in accordance with the agreement between them. Until one day, the owner of the bar they got into a problem: "Since you are such good customers," he said, "I will reduce the cost of their beers a day at $ 20. The drinks now cost $ 80."
The group did, however, continue to pay the account in the same proportion as they did before, so that the first four continued to drink for free. The cuts were not concerned at all.

But what about the other six drinkers, those who actually pay the bill? How should divide the $ 20 windfall so that everyone gets a fair share? Estimated that $ 20 divided by 6 was $ 3.33. But if you subtract that portion of each, then 5 and 6 would be charging for drinking man, as the 5 th paid before $ 1 and 6 º $ 3.
Then the bartender suggested it would be fair to reduce each account for approximately the same proportion, and proceeded to work out the amounts each should pay: The 5 th drinker, as well as the top four would pay nothing (100% savings). The 6 th pay now $ 2 instead of $ 3. (You save 33%) The 7th would pay $ 5 instead of $ 7. (You save 28%). The 8th would pay $ 9 instead of $ 12. (You save 25%). The 9th would pay $ 14 instead of $ 18. (You save 22%). The 10 th would pay $ 49 instead of $ 59 (you save 16%). Each of the six payers was now in a better situation than before. And the first four drinkers continue to drink free, and a fifth well.

But once outside the bar, began to compare their savings. "I only got a weight of $ 20 saved, "said the 6 th man. He pointed to the 10 th drinker and said," But he got $ 10! "" That's right, "said the 5 th man." I only saved $ 1. It's unfair that he got ten times more than me. "" Truth! "Exclaimed the 7 th man." Why did he get $ 10 back when I got just $ 2? The rich always get the greatest benefits! "" Wait! "Yelled the first four at once." We have not received anything. The system exploits the poor! "
The nine men surrounded the 10 and beat him.

The next night the 10th man did not show to drink, as it was to drink a more friendly environment, so the nine sat down and drank their beers without him. But when the bill they discovered something disturbing: Among them, not raise the money to pay even HALF of the bill.
For those who understand, no explanation is necessary. For those who did not understand, no explanation.

Published by ISNA on Facebook

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That happens in any society where taxes are increased to more rich, who generate jobs through business. Just take their money and their investments elsewhere. And the poor get poorer. Robbing the rich to give to the poor in the long run does not end poverty. It is best to encourage the rich to invest their money in job creation, business creation, and that if, ultimately, reduce poverty.

Whatever Happened To Heather Harmon

FREE CUBA INC "? Is there narco

During the 60's the label "Made in Japan" was synonymous with poor quality of the product carrier. The Japanese after World War II, according to the rehabilitation plan is devoted to flood the world with replicas manufactures and markets rode, but with the attraction of being infinitely cheaper. It was the beginning of the second phase of a story that already in the 80s became the admiration of the international community. Mc Arthur

be the architect of a new country that embraced democracy and free markets, converging and the history of the phoenix from the second half of the twentieth century. Since Japan, like Mexico, a country which had not allowed the development of a healthy civil society, was understandable at the beginning of a special state participation in order to accelerate the development required by the shattered country. It was when his government, through an aggressive activism, develop the concept of Japan Inc.

For the start of the decade of the 80 Japanese experiment had not only proven effective, threatened to snatch the leadership to the U.S. as the world's largest economy. Arise and the famous revisionist, a group of intellectuals warned that if the U.S. did not adopt the model Japan Inc, were doomed to be displaced by the Nipponese. However, few realized that the island had never left the state comptroller that role, and state capitalism showed fatigue always comes.

When Reagan in the United States dismantled the Keynesian building the choking, the Japanese invaded the world markets not only products, the U.S. invaded them symbols acquiring assets such as buildings in New York, banks, golf courses, movie companies and, above all, were the owners of U.S. government bonds major the globe. Japanese banks were already the largest in the world and its financial markets with fast approaching the levels of Wall Street. However, at the beginning of the 90s, the bubble that few economists found, exploded into a severe recession which has not yet replaced.

was such a disappointment to this model that was clever observers direct their gaze to other Eastern country, silently, cook another miracle: China. Having profited from Japan's experience and especially Russia, China began a remarkable transformation welcoming the markets and to measure accurately, moved to the State as the major economic czar with the ingenious creation of its visionary leader: A country with two systems.

Chinese Miracle should emerge and become the big story of the century. But in the land of excuses, now the Mexican authorities are blaming China for our economic woes. The list is long but ranging from smuggling, illegal labor, the malicious manipulation of the yuan, to Confucius spells against humanity. In the U.S. blames China for job losses in the manufacturing industry. The reality is that due to increased manufacturing productivity, at present, as a percentage of GDP are higher than 30 years ago.

In the U.S., as well as the late nineteenth century the use of agriculture to industry was moving, the economy imports the services of manufacturing. But in the case of Mexico, the reality is different. While aggressively release Chinese economy, we are still caught in the same red tape and greedy bureaucracy. China's coast is about twenty areas Hong Kong type economic freedom and wealth creation has been such that they can not delay the more into the country. Have already established the first free zone within the city of Chongqing on the banks of the Yangtze River, where a combined population of more than 300 million.

This liberating process has made China the world's second largest economy snatching the title from Japan. Chongjin is already the center of the largest international investment in China: A partnership between BPPLC, China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation.

If Mexico does not initiate an aggressive process of liberalization of its economy, we are doomed to lose another historic opportunity and, more sadly, lost another century immersed in misery. Milton Friedman advised him twenty years ago: "The example of Mexico to follow the U.S. should not, must be Hong Kong." But we are still immersed in the apparatus and bureaucracy while China as a vacuum draws the bulk of international investment and consoled us complaining of abusive tactics and asking for protection.

"Throughout the fifties, Cuba ranked second in per capita income in Latin America and ahead of Italy and Spain more than doubled. Despite its small geography, with only 6 million inhabitants, in 1958 occupied position 29 among the world's largest economies.

Within a short time Mexico will face another challenge, and while not of such magnitude, it will be lethal for some activities of our economy, Cuba. The Cubans are just waiting for Fidel's death correct this historical error that made them lose half a century mired in misery. But the Cubans have a fierce army of true capitalists formed off the coast of Florida in a combat environment, risk and independence. An army that has accumulated financial capital - own several banks in the U.S. "But above all, human capital. Cuba also has a history of strong civil society formed in the years of American occupation.

One of the activities that will suffer when they emerge Cuba abandoning socialism, agriculture Sonora and Sinaloa. We will then witness the "Bacardi Produce Corporation" supply the market of the U.S. with great advantages over Mexican farmers: Capital of exile abundant, aggressive and available, free markets, a legal framework for freedom and security, lower costs and a new culture the Cuban island infected by the new generation libertarian in Florida, ready to embrace the landing with his hunger for freedom. Guantanamo, the first free city of Cuba, suck as a huge funnel all the maquiladoras in northern Mexico suffering from the extortions of the drug and bureaucrats.

when the plan will be prepared by the influential Cuban American National Foundation is deployed and run, in speaking of Carlos Alberto Montaner and Lincoln Diaz-Balart as a possible president of the Cuba Libre. We and the first Latin country libertarian image of Hong Kong, Dubai or Singapore, and the second developed, rich and prosperous in the hand with Chile. REFLECTIONS

LIBERTARIAN
Ricardo Valenzuela
WWW.REFLEXIONESLIBERTARIAS.BLOGSPOT.COM
WWW.INTERMEXFREEMARKET.BLOGSPOT.COM
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yesterday struggled to twitter with a young (I guess no more than 22 years as a law student) on liberalism. He stated that since 1980, in Mexico we had neoliberal governments, and the extreme right. If you really have economic liberalism in Mexico since the 80's, our country and would be an economic powerhouse. At the same time, China emerged from the depths of the 3rd world to be the 2nd world economy and, soon, be the first. This young man spoke of "success" of countries like Brazil and Chile left. And I just explained that if those countries have grown a lot lately is because they have liberalized its economy in contrast to Mexico.

And for such a button: Petrobras receives private investment, Brazilian and foreign, publicly traded, and Brazilians can buy and sell shares. If Mexico is doing the same with PEMEX and CFE our country would grow between 3 and 5 percentage points of GDP per year, for many years. In Mexico there is no free market. It is false that economic liberalism. What there is economic cronyism is something very different. Between state and private monopolies and oligopolies in many sectors, Mexicans are not in a completely free market. However, many young people who barely reached adulthood in the last decade did not know they come from an even worse scenario. In the 70's and 80's were worse than now. Unfortunately these young people do not realize and believe now in political chimeras, as López Obrador, with archaic speech, typical of the 70's, convinced an outdated nationalism should no longer have room in the 2nd decade of this century.

Sad scenario for 2012 to choose between a Peña Nieto remains the worst in 70 years of PRI dictatorship, with a young face and neatly combed, but that is just business as usual. Or a expriísta with ideology Echeverria, proposing yet more state involvement in the economy, as if it were that the cause of corruption, high bureaucracy, and delay in our Mexico.

While

Dany Portales

Spacewalker Mv42v1.3 Motherboard,

pacifists? Opacity = complicity

without bending Recognize the legitimacy of the struggle that the Mexican State waged against organized crime does not imply approving specific tactics used by the Government, nor of sharing your vision of the problem (roots, reasons, pads) and celebrate their achievements, or assumptions, or moderate criticism of their errors and omissions. What it should involve both politically and morally, is the social event of repudiation, unanimous, clear and unequivocal "against criminal groups as the perpetrators of violence . Unfortunately, this event has not been given citizenship. By contrast, a large sector of the opposition and the opinion has spread the opposite concept: we live "War of Calderon."

Failure national cohesion against organized crime strengthens it objectively. The case recalls, mutatis mutandis, the English pacifist during World War II. Facing the Nazi enemy-held George Orwell could not stand aside or be ambiguous. It seemed outrageous to many intellectuals debate from a comfortable neutrality while British soldiers fighting in the trenches. In Orwell was not interested in "moral pacifism"-ie, mere self-serving proclamation that peace is preferable to war. He knew that the other side there was no pacifist. Orwell

lashed particularly those who were cured in health "I'm as fascist as you, but ...". Hypocrites or naive, omitted always talk about what would happen the day after an eventual German victory. In some cases, pacifism was hiding something more sinister: a fascination with Hitler. Among the opponents of the controversial Orwell who argued in 1942, there were those who wish to go as far as a Nazi victory would have a "cathartic effect" on English literature and the arts. Therefore, to describe the social constellation or relativized denying the ugly truth (Nazi planes bombing London), Orwell coined the term "Fascifist."

In Mexico, the political purposes of the relativization are obvious: it is thought to identify clearly organized crime as the perpetrator of violence plays in favor of the PAN in 2012. I do not think so. In any case, the relativization (the mere fact of talking about "Calderon's War") has the effect of confusing the public by inducing the anachronistic belief that the President can do everything: starting the conflict, keep and kill it . As in 1942, something grim to mitigate the responsibility of the real culprits as soldiers, sailors and police are fighting every day against them. And since then, the mere utterance of good wishes (made in an indeterminate way, without a clear target) is, at best, an act of naivete and at worst irresponsible, because amalgam criminal violence with violence exercised, in principle, the Mexican state to defend society.

As in that circumstance, have we asked if there is peace among criminals? What if you take over the country? In the few statements that we have (given to organs of the opposition), there is no trace of remorse. And last but not least, has not missed a fascination with the big boss, the strong man. Before

organized crime escalate the conflict and destabilization take further steps as in Colombia (killing of a candidate, murder of ministers and legislators, etc.), The media, public universities, NGOs, opposition parties and bodies and civil society at large should converge at least on one point: national rejection, expressed in full and unequivocal organized crime . This event would not solve the problem, but get rid vagueness, morally isolate the murderers, would remove incentives for the political use of war and guide national attention to the best proposals in this sensitive area by 2012.

Mexicans can and should differ in what you want as you want, except in certain core values. The most precious, of course, is the defense of life, the right to live. Those who attack the criminals, not the Government. Against them there should be a strong social consensus. Enrique Krauze

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And you, for who you are? "The narco or Mexico?

The criminals are the real cause of violent weather that we have, we should not ignore.

Melina Velba Gallerry

Thanks to research by The North shot the myth (he himself) that Nuevo León surcharges paid by its debt due to an increase in their level of risk.

has been shown that with the same level of risk (AAA) and issued at exactly the same historical moment, Nuevo León hired for her debt by paying substantially more interest than other stations in the same circumstances.

consistently and repeatedly state government debt contracted more expensive than anyone else, which can only indicate two things about who handled the finances of Nuevo Leon in this period:

1 .- O were very inept negotiate o. .. 2 .-

to vices were provided with financial intermediaries.

very reliable sources who know the number OPAQUE Treasury estimate that Nuevo Leon state pays per year HUNDRED and twenty million dollars extra by way of surcharges on its debt.

That is, you SACA citizens BAG 130 million pesos a month to give to the financial intermediaries who are pocketing the "extra" between what should be the correct rate and paid higher than New lion.

Usually in these debt placement operations intermediaries manage a system of "commissions."

Logic assumption is that somehow these surcharges, these billions of dollars a year, are divided between brokers and officers who signed them "carte blanche" from the people.

That is, first create a money bag, which is the "spread" between what you should pay and what is actually paid, and this surplus is shared.

This means that "someone", which IS NOT THE PEOPLE OF NUEVO LEON-profits with this scheme of surcharges from the PEOPLE.

said, saying although the former treasurer and current Senator of the Republic, Fernando Elizondo, that the issue of surcharges to pay on its debt Nuevo León should be investigated. For

assumption that it should be!

Only those who put together these tricks, which could well be described as a deviation, was also ordered to leave in their lid. Therefore

opacity! Thus

refused to disclose the specifics of the debt, because they know there is dirt! Dirt

causing hot flashes to the "Godfather" and the party that aims to bring the "tufts" Peña to the presidency.

why the aim to sweep under the carpet protective mantle have tended to OPAC, which in turn becomes one of complicity.

should be noted that this data could investigate their newspaper cover only Nuevo León debt placed through the bag. A titipuchal

amount of debt of Nuevo León placed directly with the Bank, which is completely hidden, and here it is assumed there is still more dirt than what has already appeared.

expensive debt with "spreads" incomprehensible that benefit only the provider institution and its representatives, who through the old practice of "Moche" allegedly returning to their benefactors a LOT OF MONEY "extra" that diverted from state coffers.

Each month, this jet wool with sophisticated financial SIPHON will extract into the coffers PUBLIC PRIVATE benefits rather than serving to meet the needs of the population who are neither few nor insignificant.

Then, in the hope that this local authority and its representatives have no interest in uncovering the least compromise and rectify the misappropriation, you may have to be the Superior Audit of the Federation to intervene, investigate and punish evil use of public funds, not only for the alleged embezzlement, but also jeopardize the economic future of the state to benefit individuals, and almost certainly public officials who passed these borrowing schemes and harmful HARMFUL in the short and long term.


Village Attorney fricase@elnorte.com

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And this we see happening in all NL states. Now the governors are small feudal lords who spent the Treasury in full opacity, with corruption, excessive bureaucracy, and well-fed a vicious cycle to perpetuate the group in power and personal enrichment on the road.

Bath Salts After Waxing

Comercial Mexicana

Now you have the summary of the best deals at the Comercial Mexicana for the month of February.

Wide variety of chocolates from $ 12.00
The purchase of 2 drinks ADES you get a free box of bars Stila strawberry 150g
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package soaps 4 pieces Shield to $ 26.75
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to $ 9.00 Pantene Shampoo 500 ml. at $ 36.00 3-Pack
bar soaps 150 gr c / ua
Charmin $ 17.95 12 pieces $ 85.95 discounted to $ 69.95

Be sure to visit your nearest Eating to exploit these and other great promotions.

Best Rock Love Song 80s

media violence

(16 February 2011) .- When the earthquake occurred September 1985 in Mexico City, the information disseminated many ways reminded that the city was destroyed.

remember a friend's family flew to Mexico from Colombia, recording in his luggage ropes, hundreds of water purification tablets and equipment for climbing. The images broadcast media broadcast footage again and again collapsed buildings and people affected, convinced them that they would arrive at a city in ruins and it must be prepared to help their loved ones. Big surprise

received when leaving the airport found that the taxi that took almost moved throughout the city, and that although there was significant damage, they were recorded in specific areas. In the context of the tragedy that was the earthquake, a sector of the population was organized in support and rescue work for several days, while the remainder, ie the vast Most, soon resumed their daily activities.

The story may sound droll, but it was true. Why mention it? Because something similar happens with the way some media bombard us morning, noon and night with notes on the violence and insecurity that occur in our city and country.

Under his view, it seems that no other events and activities noteworthy than the assault, shootings, kidnappings or confrontation between criminal groups.

If this view prevails among us, a similar image is projected abroad: Mexico is a narco-state or quasi-failed to fall in claws of organized crime. No man's land, a land of violence, it is dangerous to travel to that nation.

Not only that, today is the international perception is that Mexicans are a people traffickers, drug addicts and thugs. If prior to the current situation of undocumented migrants in the U.S. were deemed illegal, now lies with them the stigma of criminal indisputable.

is sad to admit, but these days carry a passport from Mexico and is no guarantee of good citizenship. Before the world, any Mexican tourist can be considered a potential criminal.

abuse by some means of magnifying the news focus on crime is producing the effect of "backfire." A force to highlight only the dimension of violence and insecurity, minimizing the information otherwise, it generates fear, discourages investments and promotes an audience that feeds on the morbid, the shock and fear, instead of contributing become a critical public and documented.

you had the opportunity to listen to a radio and television evening news Monterrey in which, to report any criminal act, not only addresses the issue to death, but reading the note is accompanied by an audio reproduces the wail of sirens to cause concern at the hearing?

When some see the rating means as an end in itself and not as a tool to improve the quality of information, the huge untapped potential in the building of a free citizenry, gravitational and democratic.

In his book "A World Without Meaning", the political philosopher Laïdi Zaki said the grave responsibility that had the media in the escalation and spread of the bloody war in Bosnia in 1992-1995. Another author, Ken Robinson, also acknowledges in the book "Out of Our Minds", the need for the news industry to produce news 24 hours a day to capture the public's attention and keep rating.

one thing to be aware and report objectively, and other nurturing the curiosity and exaggerate the news for reasons of ill-gained popularity. Lucrecia Lozano


lucrecialozano@itesm.mx

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Do not try to hide the sun with a finger. We definitely have a serious problem of insecurity in Mexico. There are areas in the country that are very dangerous. Juarez is the most dangerous city in the world is the rate of homicides per 100 thousand inhabitants world's highest. However, the vast majority of Mexicans make our life almost as normal. Come every day to work, to school. We're buying groceries. On weekends we go to malls, shopping, movies.

Obviously we take precautions. Dens, turns black, mostly their clients have been significantly diminished. Many have changed their profile by changing the car or home. But the violence that the media convey if it is exaggerated. The shootings and executions, although alarming, they have little effect on the general population. If innocent people have been killed, by stray bullets or confusion, but are the least. The vast majority of the dead are still among the ranks of criminals, police and armed forces members.

violence, insecurity, if directly affects the general public is the increase in auto theft, and kidnappings, which are still going well. Both crimes of common law they are supposed to prosecute and punish the state government, and prevent municipalities.

But let us not be victimized by a monopoly of the negative information. There are a lot of positive feedback that we are not receiving and worth crowing. All Mexicans should start sending out more positive information. Brazil is worse security than Mexico and yet receives so much negative review from abroad. We begin with ourselves, Mexicans, to do so.

Greetings

Dany Portales

Triple Beam Balanceworksheet

Inks Equity

violence this gives us new eyes to look at the violence of the past. That is the feeling that makes "José Clemente Orozco. Painting and truth", the exhibition coordinated by Miguel Cervantes in San Ildefonso. Among its many surprises, the formidable portraits welcome, the harsh, uncomfortable but hilarious cartoons antimaderistas, fierce and tender watercolors of life brothel, sits a series of small paintings in ink and pencil originally titled "Horrors of revolution. "

are part of a group of fifty or sixty works Orozco started painting shortly before his second departure from Mexico to the United States (November 1927) until about 1930, when the success of these inks and lithographs of his subsequent beat contracts of its three famous murals in the country: Pomona, College New School for Social Research and Dartmouth College.

The genesis of these drawings are curious. Knowing that he had withdrawn to continue Orozco murals in high school, and critical journalist Anita Brenner, one of the great literary love Mexico and pretended to an American collector was interested in drawings that the artist had begun to carry on their memories of the Revolution.

Orozco gave some of them and went to New York, where she had no time to regret the ruse because, warned by Brenner, Alma Reed, the famous "Pilgrim", another passion of Mexico would take in more of a sense under his mantle, promoting his work among wealthy friends, exhibitions and even in the Delphic Studios Gallery, which would open for that purpose.

Since his arrival, after settling on the Upper West Side, Orozco continued to represent vividly the images he had witnessed around 1915 in Orizaba, while working in La Vanguardia, the journal of the famous "Red Battalions", directed by "Dr. Atl.

In his "Autobiography" Orozco left over that experience memorable paragraphs: "The tragedy tore everything around us. Troops were on the tracks to the slaughter. The trains were blown up. The shot on the porch of the parish unhappy pawns Zapatistas that Prisoners of the Carranza fell. It used to killing people, the most ruthless selfishness, the glut of senses, pure animality and openly. Small populations were robbed and committed all sorts of excesses. Trains coming from the battlefields in the station emptied Orizaba its cargo of troops wounded and tired, exhausted, shattered, sweaty, ragged. "

in San Ildefonso inks display this cruel reality that achieved revolutionary myth smooth and even ennobling. A hanged hanging from a pole while two men sleep with their rifles, a treacherous knife (picture repeated in Orozco) has pierced the breast of a naked woman lying under a maguey with her husband, an unfortunate pawn EZLN an eerie procession follows the bed of a shot, in a precarious hospital room, including weeping women and ragged blankets are piled the wounded, maimed, blindfolded, blinded, dying, guns and knives in the "Battle" are prefiguring of "Guernica" in several other categories ("Tears" and "War") the main characters are Mexican women who cover their grief with their shawls, prostrate, kneeling , pleading, resigned. Orozco

infinitely gracious of them but not idealize the "people." They often depicted as the noisy carnival of generalote murderer, surrounded by soldiers obstinate and panting whores.

Among all inks, two particularly impressed me: "Rape", which occurs in a bedroom mirror and shattered furniture, where a revolutionary cascorvo, after satisfying his appetite, fits awkwardly pants while another begins his brutal act on the same, desperate woman, and "The Return", perhaps the most poignant for its key Rulfo theme: a man returns home to report to two women, maybe his mother and his sister's death of a loved one who has only been a theft of clothing.

What was the source close to their sensitivity to pain? At age 21, an experiment with gunpowder had exploded in his hand, and to prevent gangrene was decided to amputate. In the commemorative book of the exhibition is an excellent test that recovers Tibol Raquel Orozco harrowing testimony about his physical limitations, "everything, absolutely everything, I have to do with one hand!". Had anticipated the revolution in his own body.

will say that revolutionary violence was lucid, social, heroic. It will say that those hundreds of thousands of deaths (and their widows and orphans) chose that destination to redeem a country mired in poverty, injustice, inequality or oppression. Was it really so? Orozco's vision (As in "Los de Abajo", a novel illustrated by these dates) Revolution was not the lush, idyllic utopia Rivera, and the dynamic Siqueiros historic ascent, but the drama of a good people killed in an incomprehensible, loud and wild "party of bullets."

will say that the current violence is not lucid, socially or heroic. It's true. But will the mythology of the Revolution planted among us a disregard for life that went dormant (placated by a vast and efficient system of domination, not by a genuine rule of law) to emerge again in our time. Many things built in the 20th century but not a culture of legality, which was the backbone of Mexico liberal. Therefore, the ending of the monopoly of power (where restoration is undesirable and perhaps impossible), we returned to the source: violent minorities delivered "to the killing, the most ruthless selfishness, the glut of senses, pure animality and openly ".

When we get out? When the law and justice take root among us, when the majority harboring peaceful, silent and suffering, where respect reigns of individual life.

Enrique Krauze

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For those who believe that he had never experienced violence as now. Even with all the crime we have, our generation lives better than ever before.

Whenever I am more convinced that the Revolution was the worst thing that could have happened to this country. Mexico undoubtedly had many problems with Porfirio Díaz, urging democratic change, and only with an armed uprising could topple him. But what happened between 1913 and 1920 was a disaster. The remedy was worse than the disease. Would take almost 30 years for productivity in 1910 the country had recovered. To give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe magnitude, the recent crisis in late 2008 that lasted a whole year, 2009, we need only one year, 2010, to regain the previous level.

Y Revolution took a dictator, but only to bring us another dictatorship that lasted over 70 years and still we still hanging with governors who use public money for personal gain and his group. And a Congress, a party-that do not release the power and form a monopoly that restricts participation. What served the revolution then? It's just a myth created by the PRI to justify their hold on power.